{"id":328,"date":"2023-06-17T11:50:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-17T11:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maag.codesupply.co\/gear\/?p=328"},"modified":"2025-01-09T09:59:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T04:29:32","slug":"mandatory-police-action-in-crimes-against-women-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/indian-law\/mandatory-police-action-in-crimes-against-women-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Mandatory Police Action in Crimes Against Women in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The Indian legal system has put in place <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mha.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/Womensafety_10102020_0%5B1%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">several mandatory provisions for police officers when dealing with crimes against women<\/a>. These provisions aim to make the police more proactive, efficient, and sensitive in addressing cases of sexual assault and other forms of violence against women. This post explores these mandatory actions, drawing on directives from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and other relevant bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Why Mandatory Action is Crucial<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The goal of mandatory action protocols is to ensure that crimes against women are handled with the urgency and sensitivity they require. These guidelines aim to eliminate procedural lapses and promote a survivor-centric approach, leading to better investigation and prosecution, and ultimately, greater justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Key Mandatory Actions for Police<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Mandatory FIR Registration (Section 154 CrPC):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Police are obligated to register a First Information Report (FIR) upon receiving information about a cognizable offense, which includes sexual assault cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">If the crime occurs outside the jurisdiction of a police station, a &#8220;Zero FIR&#8221; must be registered, which is then transferred to the appropriate police station for investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Failure to record an FIR for a cognizable offence in relation to sexual violence is a punishable offense under section 166A of the IPC.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Prompt Investigation (Section 173 CrPC):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) mandates the completion of police investigations, particularly for rape cases, within two months.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The Ministry of Home Affairs has launched the Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offenses (ITSSO), a tool to help police monitor the timelines.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Medical Examination of the Victim (Section 164A CrPC):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">After receiving information of a rape\/sexual assault case, a police officer is required to take the victim for medical examination by a registered medical practitioner within 24 hours of the report.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Use of Sexual Assault Evidence Collection (SAEC) Kits:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The MHA has provided standardized SAEC kits to state police for the proper collection and preservation of forensic evidence. These kits must be used in every case of reported sexual assault.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Recording the Victim\u2019s Statement:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">A victim\u2019s statement should ideally be recorded by a woman police officer.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">If the victim is temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled, or has a different linguistic background, the statement is to be recorded in a comfortable manner with the assistance of an interpreter or special educator. Such statement must be videographed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The statement of the victim must also be recorded by a Judicial Magistrate as soon as possible, especially in cases of sexual violence.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Dying Declarations (Section 32(1) Evidence Act):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Statements made by the victim, relating to the cause of their death, and the circumstances surrounding it are admissible as evidence. It doesn&#8217;t need to be recorded by a magistrate or with specific attestation if it fulfills other conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Protection of Victims Identity:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The law aims to ensure the anonymity of victims. It is the police\u2019s duty to ensure that names and any other identifiable information relating to the victim, or any details regarding the incident, are not revealed to the public or to the media. The photograph of the victim must not be used.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Confidentiality:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Any information relating to a sexual assault case should not be divulged by any police officer or their supervisory officers to anyone (even the media), as it could hinder the investigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Special Police Officer:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0For effective implementation of the Act, the State government can appoint a special police officer not below the rank of a police inspector for specific areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Prompt Arrest:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The Act makes it mandatory that the police take immediate measures to arrest the suspect, and they must be produced before a magistrate promptly. In cases where a suspect is evading arrest, the police must seek a proclamation from a court and follow the correct procedure for apprehending an absconder.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Importance of Gender Sensitivity<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The MHA has issued directives for police to show greater sensitivity towards women, emphasizing:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Female Officers:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0All efforts should be made to ensure that police teams investigating cases involving sexual violence include a female officer. They also must be the ones recording FIRs and taking down statements.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Respectful Treatment:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Victims must be treated with dignity and courtesy. Intrusive or insensitive questioning is prohibited.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Training and Sensitization:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0All police personnel must undergo regular training programs to raise awareness and sensitivity towards women and ensure that proper procedures are followed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Gender Sensitivity Index:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The authorities may also develop a gender sensitivity index, which can be used for assigning a posting to any police officer and their subsequent promotions.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Specific Measures for Vulnerable Victims<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Victims with Disabilities:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Police are required to record statements of victims with disabilities at their residence or a convenient location with the help of an interpreter or special educator. Such statements must be videographed to ensure there is no misrepresentation of facts.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Minor Victims:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Extra care is required when dealing with minor victims, such as obtaining parental consent for a statement, using plain clothes when interacting with them and ensuring they are not detained in the police station at night. The child has to be immediately taken to a child care institution and the child welfare committee needs to be notified.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Use of Technology and Databases<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">ITSSO Portal:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The Investigation Tracking System for Sexual Offences (ITSSO) portal allows states to monitor progress on sexual assault cases and improve efficiency in investigations. The police should utilize this and update the data regularly.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">National Database of Sexual Offenders (NDSO)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0A national database has been put in place to track all sex offenders to help in investigation and verification in subsequent cases.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Forensic Evidence and Medical Examination<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Use of SAEC Kits:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits are a requirement for use in every case of sexual assault. These have to be used for proper collection, handling, and preservation of evidence.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Medico-Legal Guidelines:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0All medical officers must follow the guidelines issued by MHA on medico-legal procedures. These guidelines mandate that the &#8220;two-finger test&#8221; is not a valid procedure and must not be used while examining victims of sexual assault. The medical report should state clearly all observations, without being biased.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">These mandatory actions for police in cases of crimes against women, aim to ensure that the police function as an effective tool for justice, but also with the sensitivity and care required in such situations. By following these provisions, the Indian legal system can strive for greater accountability and protection for women, and also ensure that justice is not only served, but is seen to be done.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Womensafety_10102020_01.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Womensafety_10102020_0[1].\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-b23e31d7-b50e-413c-965b-ad1476f286e4\" href=\"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Womensafety_10102020_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Womensafety_10102020_0[1]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Womensafety_10102020_01.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-b23e31d7-b50e-413c-965b-ad1476f286e4\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The Indian legal system has put in place several mandatory provisions for police officers when dealing with crimes against women. These provisions aim to make the police more proactive, efficient, and sensitive in addressing cases of sexual assault and other forms of violence against women.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,30,2],"tags":[117,119,125,120,124,123,118,122,121],"class_list":{"0":"post-328","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-crime-against-women","8":"category-criminal-law-in-india","9":"category-indian-law","10":"tag-fir-registration","11":"tag-forensic-evidence-collection","12":"tag-itsso","13":"tag-mandatory-police-action-womens-crime","14":"tag-sexual-assault-cases","15":"tag-sexual-assault-investigation-india","16":"tag-victim-rights","17":"tag-women-police-officers","18":"tag-zero-fir","19":"cs-entry","20":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mandatory Police Action in Crimes Against Women in India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/indian-law\/mandatory-police-action-in-crimes-against-women-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mandatory Police Action in Crimes Against Women in India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Indian legal system has put in place several mandatory provisions for police officers when dealing with crimes against women. 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