{"id":3805,"date":"2025-01-08T14:39:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/indianlawsociety.com\/?p=3805"},"modified":"2025-01-11T14:29:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T08:59:43","slug":"the-right-to-freedom-of-religion-in-india-articles-25-28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/indian-law\/the-right-to-freedom-of-religion-in-india-articles-25-28\/","title":{"rendered":"The Right to Freedom of Religion in India: Articles 25-28"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">The Indian Constitution, while guaranteeing equality and secularism, also protects the right of every individual to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion. This fundamental right is enshrined in Articles 25 to 28, forming a cornerstone of India&#8217;s diverse and pluralistic society. These articles aim to maintain a balance between individual religious freedoms and the state\u2019s responsibility to ensure public order and social welfare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 25: Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 25 is the foundational article that guarantees individual religious freedoms. It states, &#8220;Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Freedom of Conscience:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This clause ensures that every individual has the freedom to have their own beliefs and convictions. It is a private freedom concerning one&#8217;s inner faith and convictions and is the core of religious liberty.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Freedom to Profess:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This means an individual has the right to openly declare their religious belief and faith.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Freedom to Practice:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This grants an individual the freedom to perform religious ceremonies and rituals, and to exhibit their belief through their actions and conduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Freedom to Propagate:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This means the right to communicate and spread the doctrines and beliefs of one&#8217;s religion. This is subject to the public order, morality and health.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Restrictions:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0It&#8217;s important to note that these freedoms are subject to certain restrictions, including public order, morality, health, and other provisions of the Constitution. This ensures that the exercise of religious freedom does not harm public well-being.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Explanation II:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Wearing and carrying of kirpans shall be deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 26: Freedom to Manage Religious Affairs<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 26 extends the freedom to religious denominations. It states, &#8220;Subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right\u2014 (a) to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes; (b) to manage its own affairs in matters of religion; (c) to own and acquire movable and immovable property; and (d) to administer such property in accordance with law.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Rights of Religious Denominations:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This article allows religious groups to manage their own affairs, own property, and establish institutions for religious and charitable purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Autonomy in Religious Matters:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0It ensures that religious denominations can manage their own affairs without unnecessary interference from the state, provided their practices are within the bounds of public order, morality, and health.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Property Rights:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The article also provides religious groups with the right to acquire and administer movable and immovable property in accordance with the law.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 27: Freedom as to Payment of Taxes for Promotion of any Particular Religion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 27 focuses on secularism and the separation of state from religion. It states, &#8220;No person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds of which are specifically appropriated in payment of expenses for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious denomination.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Prohibition of Religious Taxes:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The state cannot impose taxes that are specifically used to promote or maintain any particular religion. This ensures that the state remains neutral towards all religions and does not use public funds to favor one religion over another.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Secular Principle:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This article embodies the secular nature of the Indian state, preventing the state from being involved in religious promotion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">General Tax Contributions:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This does not prevent the State from levying a tax which is meant to manage and maintain all religious institutions without discriminating based on particular religions.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 28: Freedom as to Attendance at Religious Instruction or Religious Worship in Certain Educational Institutions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Article 28 deals with the freedom of religious instruction in educational institutions. It states, &#8220;(1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds. (2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational institution which is administered by the State but has been established under any endowment or trust which requires that religious instruction shall be imparted in such institution. (3) No person attending any educational institution recognised by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required to take part in any religious instruction or to attend any religious worship that may be conducted in such institution or in any premises attached thereto unless such person or, if such person is a minor, his guardian has given his consent thereto.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">No Religious Instruction in State-Funded Institutions:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0The state cannot provide religious instruction in institutions that it completely maintains. This promotes secular education.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Exceptions:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0This restriction does not apply to institutions administered by the state but established under a trust that requires religious instruction to be provided.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Voluntary Participation:<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\u00a0Students in institutions recognized by the state or receiving aid from it cannot be forced to participate in religious instruction or worship without their or their guardian\u2019s consent. This safeguards individual autonomy and prevents religious indoctrination.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Articles 25 to 28 of the Indian Constitution collectively guarantee the right to freedom of religion. This right allows individuals to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion while also protecting the secular nature of the state. These articles aim to ensure that India remains a nation where all religions are treated equally, and individuals have the freedom to practice their beliefs without coercion or discrimination, subject to public order, morality, and health. These provisions help maintain a delicate balance between individual religious freedom and the state\u2019s responsibility towards social welfare and public order.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The Indian Constitution, while guaranteeing equality and secularism, also protects the right of every individual to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion. This fundamental right is enshrined in Articles 25 to 28, forming a cornerstone of India&#8217;s diverse and pluralistic society.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"csco_display_header_overlay":false,"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,2],"tags":[457,456,454,458,462,460,422,455,463,464,459,461],"class_list":{"0":"post-3805","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-citizen-rights-and-constitution","8":"category-indian-law","9":"tag-article-25","10":"tag-article-26","11":"tag-article-27","12":"tag-article-28","13":"tag-constitutional-rights","14":"tag-freedom-of-conscience","15":"tag-indian-constitution","16":"tag-religious-freedom","17":"tag-religious-institutions","18":"tag-religious-instruction","19":"tag-right-to-religion","20":"tag-secularism","21":"cs-entry","22":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Right to Freedom of Religion in India: Articles 25-28<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/karma.law\/insights\/indian-law\/the-right-to-freedom-of-religion-in-india-articles-25-28\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Right to Freedom of Religion in India: Articles 25-28\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Indian Constitution, while guaranteeing equality and secularism, also protects the right of every individual to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion. 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